What are the side effects of taking testosterone supplements?
Testosterone supplements can cause acne, sleep apnea, increased red blood cell count, mood swings, and aggression. In men, they can lead to reduced sperm production and testicular shrinkage. Long-term use may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and prostate enlargement. It's important to use supplements under medical supervision due to these risks.
How does testosterone affect muscle growth and strength?
Testosterone promotes muscle growth and strength by enhancing muscle protein synthesis, increasing the release of growth hormone, and stimulating satellite cell activity, which aids in the repair and growth of muscle fibers. It also improves neuromuscular function, leading to better muscle activation and increased physical performance.
How does testosterone influence mood and behavior?
Testosterone can influence mood and behavior by affecting areas of the brain related to emotion and cognition, potentially enhancing mood, confidence, and motivation. Low testosterone levels may lead to mood disturbances, such as irritability or depression, while higher levels might contribute to aggressiveness or increased risk-taking behaviors.
How does testosterone impact sexual health and libido?
Testosterone significantly influences sexual health and libido by enhancing sexual desire, promoting erectile function, and supporting overall sexual performance. Low testosterone levels can lead to reduced libido, difficulties with erections, and decreased sexual satisfaction.
How does testosterone decrease with age?
Testosterone levels naturally decline with age due to decreased production by the testes and changes in hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulation. By about age 30, testosterone levels start to decrease at an average rate of 1% per year, leading to possible symptoms like reduced libido, muscle mass, and energy levels.