Group Discussion

In English Language, there are many ways we can develop our speaking and listening skills. 'But why is speaking and listening important?' I hear you ask. Well, good speaking and listening skills allow you to communicate effectively with others by expressing your own views while also being mindful of opposing opinions. One way we can develop our speaking and listening skills is through group discussions.

In this explanation, we will explore the importance of group discussion and look at some key types and examples. We will also consider possible rules when it comes to having a fair debate and some tips on how to discuss confidently.

What is Group Discussion?

As the title suggests, a group discussion involves conversing with others in a group setting. A group discussion usually has a primary aim - such as debating an idea, persuading, etc. Groups can be small (a few people) or large (such as a whole classroom).

Why Are Group Discussions Important?

Group discussions are important as they encourage teamwork and allow students to improve their speaking and listening skills. Discussing well in groups will enable you to confidently express your opinion while also being able to respect the views of others.

What Are the Advantages of a Group Discussion?

Group discussions help students stay engaged in the topic and maintain focus. They also encourage teamwork and introduce students to other points of view outside of their own. Students can also improve their active listening and speaking skills, which in turn, helps them communicate more effectively.

Group discussions also allow people from different cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds to communicate with one another and share ideas. This is beneficial to students as it gives them the chance to view things from a different perspective and appreciate other interpretations. Not only does this develop their knowledge, it also creates a stronger sense of understanding and respect between participants.

Group Discussion Types

We will focus on three main types of group discussions, which are:

1. Topic-based discussions
2. Case study-based discussions
3. Abstract discussions

Let's take a look at each type in more detail.

Topic-based Discussions

A topic-based discussion refers to a conversation in which the participants are given a topic to discuss. This could include:

1. Controversial topics (such as political, social, or environmental issues) - Topics like these often relate to current affairs and events. They tend to evoke strong differences in opinion, which could lead to quite a heated/passionate argument!

2. Knowledge-based topics (such as more specific subjects taught in school) - These topics rely on the group's shared knowledge of a particular area, meaning the whole group should be familiar with the topic. Discussions are often in-depth and focused, as the participants already have a lot of relevant information. For example, the subject of 'multimodality in the media' is more specific to English Language and relies on previous knowledge of the topic.

Case Study-based Discussions

A case study-based discussion refers to a conversation in which participants are given a situation and should communicate together to provide a solution. These discussions test the participants' abilities to problem solve and make decisions together. For example:

'A student is unaware of which level of formality to use in certain situations. How would you tell them about the different levels of formality in a way that is easy to understand? Discuss this in groups, taking into consideration the five main language registers.'

Abstract Discussions

An abstract discussion is a discussion without a precise topic or a topic not well-known by the participants. For example, the topic could be a random word or sentence or a thought-provoking quote. Abstract discussions are often more unpredictable and encourage creativity.

Group Discussion Examples

Now let's take a look at some examples of different discussions.

Topic-based discussion example:

This is an example of a controversial topic - it may divide opinions or cause a debate. It encourages participants to give their own views and counter any opposing arguments.

Another topic-based discussion example:

This is an example of a knowledge-based topic. It is more specific to the subject of English Language and Literature and relies on existing knowledge of the text.

Case study-based discussion example:

This example encourages participants to work together and problem-solve to create an efficient solution.

Abstract discussion example:

This vague topic is open to interpretation and encourages participants to think outside the box.

Group Discussion Rules

Although there's no actual rulebook for group discussions, there are some unspoken rules that people should abide by to create a fair and respectful discussion. Here are a few things to keep3 in mind:

1. Listen actively

It may be obvious that listeners in a discussion should listen. But, you should ensure that the speaker is aware you are paying attention. To show you are actively listening, you can use non-verbal cues, such as eye contact, nodding/shaking your head, and leaning forward. This will signify to the speaker that you are genuinely interested in what they have to say and are engaged in the discussion.

2. Make sure everyone has the opportunity to speak

Although it is important to listen, it is equally important to be able to speak up and share your own opinion. Make sure everyone is given a chance to speak. You can do this by turn-taking, which is when one person in a conversation talks at a time. This gives everyone a fair chance to speak without being interrupted.

Fig. 1 - Turn-taking is important as it helps to minimize interruptions.

3. Don't use offensive language or criticize others harshly

There may be differences in opinion, but this should not be an excuse to be unnecessarily rude or judgmental. Respect the opinions of others - criticize ideas, not people!

Group Discussion Tips

It can be difficult for some people to participate in group discussions, and that's okay! Here are some tips to consider:

• Try to speak clearly so others can hear you - if you speak too quietly or too fast, you may be more difficult to understand, and listeners may be distracted from your point.

• It's okay to pause and think about what you want to say. This will not only give the listeners a chance to reflect on what you are saying but also gives you the chance to gather your thoughts.

Fig. 2 - It is okay to think about what to say before speaking!

• Pay attention to what others are saying - use non-verbal cues such as eye contact to let speakers know you are interested in what they have to say.

• You can also use the views of others to help develop your own argument. For example, if you agree with someone, you could develop their point by adding to what they have already discussed. Or, if you disagree, you could offer an alternative point of view.

• Try using a system that ensures everyone has a chance to speak. This could involve turn-taking by going round a circle one-by-one or only allowing those who raise their hand or hold a dedicated 'talking stick' to talk.