The Great War began a month after the assassination of the Archduke of Austria, Franz Ferdinand. This was not all that lead to one of the world's most destructive conflicts, however. The weeks leading up to the armed conflict are known as the July Crisis and the deals and pacts made during the crisis are equally important in discussing the outbreak of the First World War. Let's explore the outbreak of WWI and why it took a month for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand to lead to a global war.
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Jetzt kostenlos anmeldenThe Great War began a month after the assassination of the Archduke of Austria, Franz Ferdinand. This was not all that lead to one of the world's most destructive conflicts, however. The weeks leading up to the armed conflict are known as the July Crisis and the deals and pacts made during the crisis are equally important in discussing the outbreak of the First World War. Let's explore the outbreak of WWI and why it took a month for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand to lead to a global war.
Date | Event |
7 October 1879 | The German and Austro-Hungarian Empires signed a defensive treaty which ensured that the other would come to their aid in case Russia attacked either empire. This was called the Dual Alliance |
28 June 1914 | During their visit to Sarajevo, the Archduke of Austria Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassinated by Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip. |
5 July 1914 | Germany gave Austria-Hungary the famous "Blank Cheque", meaning that from now on Germany supported any potential political decisions by Austria-Hungary regarding Serbia. |
23 July 1914 | Austria-Hungary delivered Serbia an ultimatum so harsh that it practically threatened Serbian sovereignty. In addition, Serbia was given 48 hours to accept the ultimatum. |
26 July 1914 | The United Kingdom offered to mediate the conflict but this offer was ignored by both Germany and Austria-Hungary. |
28 July 1914 | Despite Serbia adhering to almost all the demands in the Austro-Hungarian ultimatum, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia anyway. |
30 July 1914 | Russia began mobilising its armed forces. |
1 August 1914 | Germany declared war on Russia. |
3 August 1914 | Germany invaded Belgium and France declared war on Germany. |
4 August 1914 | The United Kingdom declared war on Germany for invading Belgium. |
6 August 1914 | Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia. |
On 28 June 1914, during his visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzegovina, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated along with his wife Duchess Sophie. The assassin, Gavrilo Princip was detained and imprisoned, but could not be executed due to his age. He was 19 at the time.
The assassination of Franz Ferdinand sent ripples into Europe and concluded with the outbreak of the Great War. This event had Europe in shock. Just how could a teenager manage to assassinate the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne?
The killing of Franz Ferdinand, the successor to the throne infuriated the Emperor of Austria-Hungary Franz Joseph. Austria-Hungary presented a ten-point ultimatum to Serbia, chiefly accusing them of orchestrating the murder of his nephew. Despite Serbia agreeing to nine of the ten objectives, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia anyway.
The Russian Empire decided to intervene and, in turn, Germany declared war on Russia. Due to the existence of the Franco-Russian alliance, France declared war on Germany. After Germany invaded Belgium, the United Kingdom too declared war on Germany. The First World War had begun. Austria-Hungary would later declare war on Russia, days after France and the United Kingdom entered the war.
The German Empire was pursuing an imperialist foreign policy of Weltpolitik, Germany and its Emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm II wanted war to prove that the German Empire could stand next to the other European great powers.
Following the death of Franz Ferdinand, an international crisis known as the July Crisis took place. The July Crisis was a month-long period of tension where alliances and plans were drawn up for the coming war.
From 5 July 1914 onwards, Germany actively encouraged Austria-Hungary to take action against Serbia. Wilhelm II even assured Franz Joseph that Germany would assist Austria-Hungary in any way it could should Austria-Hungary find itself in a difficult position. The offer, known as the "blank cheque" was accepted by Franz Joseph.
The German and Austrian Empires found a rather unlikely ally in the East, the Ottoman Empire. Together, the three empires would face the might of the Russian Empire and France: but where was the British Empire?
The German Empire had sought to defeat both the French and the Russian forces with relative ease. As long as they followed the already existing Schlieffen Plan, victory seemed achievable. With this plan, Germany sought to invade France through Belgium, take Paris, and move eastwards after the French defeat to face the Russians.
Invading Belgium however, proved to be harder than expected. Not only did the Belgians fight valiantly, but violating Belgian neutrality prompted the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany.
Needless to say, the Germans, due to replanning the Schlieffen Plan, were unable to take Paris. As for Russia, they managed to mobilise much faster than the German command had expected. As they fought in the west, Russian forces were already pushing in from the east. Germany was not prepared to fight on two fronts and a quick victory never materialised.
What is the significance of the outbreak of the First World War?
The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie by Bosnian Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip ultimately led to the outbreak of the First World War.
The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand was the main cause behind the outbreak of the First World War.
Though tensions were at a moderate height in pre-war Europe, the assassination of the Austrian Archduke, Franz Ferdinand ultimately set off the July Crisis which eventually led to the First World War.
The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria is considered to be the most important reason as well as the main catalyst behind the outbreak of the First World War.
The main chunk of responsibility ultimately fell on Serbia as the Assassin of Franz Ferdinand, Gavrillo Princip and his accomplices were Bosnian Serb nationalists.
When did Germany declare war on Russia?
1 August 1914.
When did Austria-Hungary declare war on Russia?
6 August 1914.
Why did Britain declare war on Germany?
According to the 1839 Treaty of London, Belgium was to remain neutral and its neutrality was to be inviolable by any European power. But the German invasion of Belgium prompted Britain to declare war on Germany for violating the treaty as well as aiding France in the war against Germany.
What was the military plan envisioning the invasion of Belgium called?
The Schlieffen Plan.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir ______ of Austria Hungary.
Presumptive.
What were Austro-Hungarian imperial armed forces doing in Bosnia?
Bosnia became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1908, following the Bosnian war. The act of taking Bosnia had severely damaged relations between Austria-Hungary and the Kingdom of Serbia who wanted Bosnia for themselves because both culturally and linguistically Bosnia was very close to Serbia. The annexation of Bosnia by Austria-Hungary enraged Serbs both in Serbia and Bosnia. This event is also seen as a reason for the Assassination of the Archduke of Austria.
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