What are some real-life examples of escalation of commitment?
Real-life examples of escalation of commitment include continuing to invest in a failing business or project despite mounting evidence of its unviability, persistently repairing an old car that frequently breaks down, and governments persisting with costly and ineffective military interventions or public infrastructure projects contrary to outcomes.
Why do people continue with a failing course of action despite negative outcomes?
People continue with a failing course of action due to cognitive biases like sunk cost fallacy, where they feel compelled to justify past investments. Emotional factors, such as fear of failure or loss of identity, and organizational pressures, like maintaining consistency, can also contribute to this tendency.
How can organizations prevent escalation of commitment in decision-making processes?
Organizations can prevent escalation of commitment by fostering a culture that encourages admitting mistakes, implementing regular project reviews, setting clear decision criteria, and involving diverse perspectives in decision-making to provide alternative viewpoints and constructive criticism. Additionally, setting predefined "exit criteria" helps assess when to reevaluate or discontinue a failing project.
What psychological factors contribute to escalation of commitment?
Psychological factors contributing to escalation of commitment include cognitive dissonance, self-justification, sunk cost fallacy, and optimism bias. Individuals may continue investing in a failing course of action to avoid admitting mistakes, justify past decisions, recover perceived losses, or due to unwarranted belief in eventual success.
How does escalation of commitment relate to financial investments?
Escalation of commitment in financial investments refers to the tendency of individuals to continue investing in a failing venture due to prior investments of time, money, or resources, often ignoring rational decision-making and new information indicating decline, leading to increased losses.