What is a result complement in Chinese grammar?
A result complement in Chinese grammar indicates the outcome or result of an action, typically formed by adding a complement character to a verb. For example, 看完 (kàn wán) means "finish watching," where 完 (wán) is the result complement indicating completion.
What is a directional complement in Chinese grammar?
A directional complement in Chinese grammar indicates the direction of a verb’s action. It often consists of simple directions like "上" (up), "下" (down), "进" (in), and "出" (out) or compound forms like "起来" (come up) and "进去" (go in). It provides additional information on the movement related to the verb.
What is a potential complement in Chinese grammar?
A potential complement in Chinese grammar indicates the ability or possibility of an action being completed. It combines a verb with 得 (de) to show success or with 不 (bu) to show failure, e.g., 做得完 (zuòdewán) for "able to finish" and 做不完 (zuòbuwán) for "unable to finish."
How do verb complements work in Chinese sentences?
Verb complements in Chinese provide additional information about the action, either describing the result, direction, degree, or potential of the action. They typically follow the main verb, forming a compound structure that conveys a more detailed meaning. Common types include resultative, directional, descriptive, and potential complements.
What is a degree complement in Chinese grammar?
A degree complement in Chinese grammar indicates the extent or degree of an action, often expressed using words like "得" (de) followed by an adjective or adverb. For example, "他跑得很快" (tā pǎo de hěn kuài) means "He runs very fast."