What are the sources of cosmic radiation?
The primary sources of cosmic radiation are galactic cosmic rays originating from outside our solar system, solar cosmic rays emitted by the sun, and cosmic rays from rare astrophysical events such as supernovae. Additionally, secondary cosmic rays are produced when primary cosmic rays interact with the Earth's atmosphere.
How does cosmic radiation affect human health?
Cosmic radiation can cause cellular damage by ionising atoms in human tissues, potentially increasing cancer risk. Prolonged exposure, especially for astronauts, can lead to radiation sickness, genetic mutations, and impaired cognitive function. cumulaotively harm the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Limiting exposure through shielding and mission planning is essential for mitigation.
How can spacecraft be shielded from cosmic radiation?
Spacecraft can be shielded from cosmic radiation using materials with high atomic numbers, such as aluminium or polyethylene, to absorb and deflect radiation. Additionally, spacecraft design can include multi-layered shields and magnetic fields to create protective barriers. Ensuring proper radiation shielding is crucial for protecting both equipment and astronauts.
Can cosmic radiation affect electronic equipment?
Yes, cosmic radiation can affect electronic equipment. It can cause data corruption, temporary malfunctions, and even permanent damage by ionising the materials within the devices. Engineers use shielding and error-correction methods to mitigate these effects. This is particularly important for aerospace and high-altitude applications.
How is cosmic radiation measured?
Cosmic radiation is measured using dosimeters and particle detectors, such as Geiger-Müller counters, scintillation counters, and semiconductor detectors. These devices quantify the ionising particles and radiation flux. In space missions, specialised instruments like the Charged Particle Directional Spectrometer (CPDS) and Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) are used.