When the Union needed a Commanding General during the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant met the challenge. When the United States needed a president during the Reconstruction period, Ulysses S. Grant answered the call. Grant beat the odds that were set out against him. Who was General Ulysses S. Grant? Let's take a closer look at the general who won the Civil War!
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Jetzt kostenlos anmeldenWhen the Union needed a Commanding General during the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant met the challenge. When the United States needed a president during the Reconstruction period, Ulysses S. Grant answered the call. Grant beat the odds that were set out against him. Who was General Ulysses S. Grant? Let's take a closer look at the general who won the Civil War!
Reunited with his family in 1854, Grant struggled to find work to support them. They lived in St. Louis and tended a farm. After falling ill with malaria in 1858, he no longer worked as a farmer and attempted to find work elsewhere. Eventually, the family moved to Galena, Illinois in 1860 where Grant went to work at his father's leather business.
On April 15, 1861, Abraham Lincoln made a call for 75,000 volunteers to join the United States Army to put down the rebellion of the Confederate States.
When Confederate forces advanced into western Kentucky, Grant informed his superior that he would be moving his forces into Kentucky as well. He did not wait for Fremont's reply or approval. When Fremont did reply, he ordered Grant to make a show of force but not to engage the Confederates.
Abraham Lincoln dismissed Fremont in November 1861, and Grant proceeded to attack the Confederates. He fought them first at Belmont, Missouri, and then at Columbus, Kentucky, but was pushed back both times. Grant then coordinated with the new commander of the Department of Missouri, General Henry Halleck, to attack the forts Henry and Donelson along the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. Halleck, and Union commander George McClellan, agreed with the plan. Fort Henry fell first.
Fort Donelson proved to be more difficult, with defensive gun batteries able to fight off the Union gunboats on the river, and a sizable infantry garrison to match the attacking army. The Confederates attacked the oncoming Union troops and met with initial success, but Grant rallied his divisions alongside fresh reinforcements and pushed the Confederates back to the fort.
Pursuing his enemy, Grant drove off the Confederate divisions and demanded the unconditional surrender of Fort Donelson, which the fort's commander accepted. Taking over 12,000 prisoners, Grant achieved the Union's first major victory in the Civil War.
Garrison:
A group of soldiers whose job is to defend a location, i.e., a town, city, or fort.
Grant sought to capitalize on the victory at Fort Donelson and with the support of Abraham Lincoln gathered a larger force to move into Tennessee.
Battle | Important Events |
Battle of Shiloh |
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Battle of Vicksburg |
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Chattanooga |
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With his success in conquering Tennessee, Grant was promoted on March 2, 1864, by President Abraham Lincoln to the rank of Lieutenant-General and was made the general-in-chief in overall command of all Union forces.
With over half a million men under his command, Grant believed he could overwhelm the Confederates across the entire front by using his superior numbers and taking advantage of the fact that the Confederates could not replace their losses as easily as he could. He launched the Overland Campaign in May of 1864, in which many bloody battles were fought against Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Attempting to outflank his enemy in several locations, Grant's campaign culminated in the Battle of Cold Harbor, where the Union suffered heavy casualties attacking Lee's entrenched positions.
Though the heavy cost of the Overland Campaign brewed anti-war sentiments in the Union, the successful capture of Mobile and Atlanta, as well as Grant's own conquest of the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, turned the tide in favor of Lincoln during the 1864 Presidential election. General Sherman soon gained Grant's approval for his "March to the Sea" which further destroyed the Confederate's ability to maintain the war.
By March of 1865, Grant had worn down General Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and in April Grant ordered an attack on Lee's entrenched positions. Grant's attack succeeded in capturing Petersburg, Virginia, and then Richmond. Grant's forces then outmaneuvered and captured Lee's retreating army, prompting Lee to meet with Grant at Appomattox Court House and surrender. Grant offered generous terms, allowing Lee's officers and soldiers to return to their homes, and they were even allowed to keep their horses at Lee's request. All other major Confederate armies proceeded to surrender throughout the rest of April and May 1865, ending the Civil War.
Following Lee's surrender, Grant went to Washington, D.C. where Abraham Lincoln invited him and his wife to attend a play at Ford's Theater. Grant and his wife Julia had planned to travel to Philadelphia and so declined - a decision that may have saved Grant's life.1 The President was assassinated at the play.
After the war ended, Grant remained in overall command of the army, officially being promoted by the US Congress to a new position dubbed General of the Army of the United States in July 1866. He served in that capacity until 1869, during which time he oversaw Reconstruction efforts and worked in Washington with President Johnson to further the cause of Reconstruction and reconciliation with the South. He defended Robert E. Lee and other ex-Confederate officers from being tried for treason by saying that it would go against the surrender terms he had agreed to at Appomattox.
President Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson was Abraham Lincoln's Vice President and became President when Lincoln was assassinated. Since Lincoln died, we don't know what his exact plans for Reconstruction were. Johnson was lenient with the South because he was a Southerner who previously benefitted from the labor of enslaved people.
Johnson's plan for Reconstruction was to allow the Southern states to rejoin the Union once a small percentage of former Confederates pledged their loyalty to the Union. He would've allowed the South to have full control over their reconstruction and for the former Confederate politicians to remain in power. This was very unpopular among Northerners.
In 1868, Grant was unanimously nominated by the Republican National Convention to run for the office of President of the United States. Grant accepted the nomination and won the election by a large margin, entering office in March of 1869.
As President, Grant worked to reunite the North and South while also attempting to advance civil rights through acts such as the Fifteenth Amendment.
He faced challenges from the Ku Klux Klan, a racist organization that regularly committed violence against African Americans and attempted to impede political action on civil rights matters. His "Enforcement Acts" established in 1870 provided a legal basis to defeat the Klan. Ultimately, his efforts had mixed results and the expansion and enforcement of civil rights would continue to be an issue throughout American history.
After serving two terms in office, Grant left the presidency on March 4, 1877, and traveled around the United States and then around the world for several years. During his travels, he visited many foreign leaders. He returned to the US in 1879 and settled in Philadelphia after stopping in Chicago for a reunion with General Sherman.
Grant spent his last years of life writing and then publishing his memoirs, the Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant. During the process, he had fallen ill from throat cancer, and passed away on July 23, 1885, only a few days after his memoirs had been published.
Ulysses S. Grant was the Commanding General of the Union Army during the Civil War and the 18th President of the Untied States of America. He was president during the Reconstruction Period.
Ulysses S. Grant died from throat cancer on July 23, 1885.
Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States. He served two terms from 1869 - 1877. Grant was president during the Reconstruction Period.
Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States and served two terms in office. Before that, Grant was the Commanding General of the Union Army during the Civil War.
Ulysses S. Grant was born in Ohio in 1822. His birth name was Hiram Ulysses Grant.
What name was Ulysses S. Grant born with?
Hiram
Ulysses S. Grant spent much of his time in the Mexican American War serving as a ____________ __________.
Regimental quartermaster
Why did Grant first resign from his military commission in 1854?
He fell ill with malaria
True/False:
In 1861, Grant first rejoined the military by volunteering in the Kentucky militia.
FALSE
Grant achieved one of the Union's first major victories of the Civil War by capturing which fortress?
Fort Donelson
Grant oversaw which major strategic victory in 1863 to capture the Mississippi River?
Vicksburg
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